The Importance of Non-Native Cattle on Human Diets in Northwest Neuquén Between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries AD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.46.056Keywords:
Guanaco, Cow, Stable Isotopes, Bayesian Mixing ModelsAbstract
The ecological changes in Northwest Neuquén between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries have been poorly studied. In particular, the introduction of non-native species such as cattle (Bos taurus) and horses (Equus caballus) led to changes in resource availability that could have resulted in dietary shifts among indigenous populations. The objective of this study was to analyze dietary changes among hunter-gatherers in Northwest Neuquén between the Middle-Late Holocene and historical periods, and specifically to evaluate the extent to which changes were related to the introduction of European livestock. Ethnohistorical, zooarchaeological (NISP), and stable isotope data –δ13C (from collagen and apatite) and δ15N– were used as well as, Bayesian Mixing Models. The results show that dietary composition varied between the Middle-Late Holocene and historical periods, with greater consumption of guanacos supplemented by armadillos and vegetables in the former, and cattle consumption supplemented by guanacos and sheep and goats in the latter. In general, unlike what is observed in zooarchaeological contexts, isotopic analyses clearly show that the appearance of cattle had a significant impact on the trophic ecology of human groups in Northwest Neuquén, Cattle became the main source of protein and fat.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Valeria Bernal, Martin Vilariño, Bruno F. Moscardi, Paula N. Gonzalez, S. Ivan Perez

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